🔹 GRASP Principles

**General Responsibility Assignment Software Patterns (GRASP)** are **design principles** used in **Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)** to improve **software modularity, maintainability, and flexibility**.

📌 Why Use GRASP Principles?

GRASP principles provide guidelines for **assigning responsibilities** in software design.

  • ✅ **Enhances Code Maintainability** – Reduces complexity and improves structure.
  • ✅ **Promotes Reusability** – Encourages modular and reusable components.
  • ✅ **Improves Readability** – Leads to cleaner, more understandable code.

💡 Key GRASP Principles

GRASP includes the following core principles:

  • 1. Information Expert – Assign responsibility to the class with the most relevant data.
  • 2. Creator – Assign the responsibility of creating an object to a class that closely uses it.
  • 3. Controller – Assign responsibility for handling user input to a controller class.
  • 4. Low Coupling – Minimize dependencies between classes to improve flexibility.
  • 5. High Cohesion – Ensure each class has a single, well-defined purpose.
  • 6. Polymorphism – Use interfaces or abstract classes to allow multiple implementations.
  • 7. Pure Fabrication – Introduce artificial classes to reduce direct dependencies.
  • 8. Indirection – Use intermediate objects to manage communication between classes.
  • 9. Protected Variations – Use encapsulation and design patterns to shield against changes.

🖥️ Example: Applying GRASP Principles

Consider an **e-commerce system** where we apply GRASP principles:


            class Order {
                private List<Product> products;
                
                public void addProduct(Product product) {
                    products.add(product);
                }
            }
            
            class OrderController { // Controller Principle
                private Order order;
                
                public void processOrder() {
                    PaymentProcessor.processPayment(order); // Indirection Principle
                }
            }
            
            class PaymentProcessor { // Pure Fabrication Principle
                public static void processPayment(Order order) {
                    // Handle payment logic
                }
            }

🎯 Summary

**GRASP Principles** guide developers in **assigning responsibilities** effectively. They help in building **scalable, maintainable, and modular** software systems.

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