Introduction to DSA

🔹 Constructors and Destructors

**Constructors and Destructors** are special methods in Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) that manage object initialization and cleanup. A **constructor** is automatically called when an object is created, while a **destructor** is called when an object is destroyed.

📌 Why Use Constructors and Destructors?

They ensure proper **initialization and cleanup** of objects without requiring manual intervention.

✅ **Automatic Execution** – Constructors run automatically upon object creation.
✅ **Code Efficiency** – Reduces redundant initialization code.
✅ **Prevents Resource Leaks** – Destructors help in releasing resources like memory or file handles.

💡 Real-Life Example

Consider a **Database Connection**. A constructor can **open the connection** when an object is created, and a destructor can **close it** when it's no longer needed.

🖥️ Constructors and Destructors in Java

Java has constructors but does not have explicit destructors; instead, it relies on **Garbage Collection (GC)**.


            class Car {
                String brand;
                
                // Constructor
                Car(String brand) {
                    this.brand = brand;
                    System.out.println(brand + " is created.");
                }
                
                protected void finalize() {
                    System.out.println(brand + " is destroyed.");
                }
            }
            
            public class Main {
                public static void main(String[] args) {
                    Car myCar = new Car("Tesla");
                }
            }

🖥️ Constructors and Destructors in Python

Python uses `__init__` as a constructor and `__del__` as a destructor.


            class Car:
                def __init__(self, brand):
                    self.brand = brand
                    print(f"{self.brand} is created.")
                
                def __del__(self):
                    print(f"{self.brand} is destroyed.")
            
            my_car = Car("Tesla")

🎯 Summary