Introduction to DSA

🔹 Classes and Objects

**Classes and Objects** are the fundamental building blocks of **Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)**. A **class** is a blueprint for creating objects, while an **object** is an instance of a class.

📌 Why Use Classes and Objects?

Classes and objects allow us to **structure code efficiently** and promote **code reusability and modularity**.

✅ **Encapsulation** – Groups data and behavior together.
✅ **Code Reusability** – Once a class is created, it can be used multiple times.
✅ **Modularity** – Breaks a complex system into smaller, manageable parts.
✅ **Inheritance & Polymorphism** – Helps in extending and modifying behavior easily.

💡 Real-Life Example

Consider a **Car**. A class `Car` defines attributes like `brand`, `color`, `speed`, and behaviors like `drive()` and `brake()`. Each individual car (e.g., a red Tesla) is an object of the `Car` class.

🖥️ Classes and Objects in Java

Example of a simple **Java class and object**:


            class Car {
                String brand;
                int speed;
                
                Car(String brand, int speed) {
                    this.brand = brand;
                    this.speed = speed;
                }
                
                void drive() {
                    System.out.println(brand + " is driving at " + speed + " km/h");
                }
            }
            
            public class Main {
                public static void main(String[] args) {
                    Car myCar = new Car("Tesla", 120);
                    myCar.drive();
                }
            }

🖥️ Classes and Objects in Python

Example of a simple **Python class and object**:


            class Car:
                def __init__(self, brand, speed):
                    self.brand = brand
                    self.speed = speed
                
                def drive(self):
                    print(f"{self.brand} is driving at {self.speed} km/h")
            
            my_car = Car("Tesla", 120)
            my_car.drive()

🎯 Summary