🔹 Active Record in Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)

**Active Record** is a design pattern used in Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) for handling **database interactions**. It simplifies data access by treating **database rows as objects** and **tables as classes**.

📌 Why Use Active Record?

Active Record provides a **structured and efficient way** to interact with databases.

  • ✅ **Easier Database Operations** – Perform CRUD (Create, Read, Update, Delete) operations without writing SQL queries.
  • ✅ **Encapsulation** – Keeps database logic inside model classes.
  • ✅ **Reduces Code Duplication** – Database interactions are handled in one place.
  • ✅ **Object-Oriented Approach** – Works well with OOP principles.

💡 Real-Life Example

Imagine a **Users table** in a database. Each user is treated as an object in the program:

  • 🔹 **User (Object)** → Represents a row in the database.
  • 🔹 **Attributes** → Name, Email, Age.
  • 🔹 **Methods** → Save(), Update(), Delete().

🖥️ Active Record in Ruby on Rails

Active Record is widely used in **Ruby on Rails** for database management.


            class User < ApplicationRecord
                # Retrieves all users
                def self.get_users
                    User.all
                end
            end

🖥️ Active Record in PHP (Laravel)

Laravel uses the **Eloquent ORM**, which follows the Active Record pattern.


            class User extends Model {
                // Retrieve all users
                public static function getUsers() {
                    return self::all();
                }
            }

🖥️ Active Record in Java (Hibernate)

Hibernate ORM in Java implements the Active Record pattern.


            @Entity
            class User {
                @Id
                @GeneratedValue
                private Long id;
                private String name;
                private String email;
            
                // Getter and Setter methods
            }

🎯 Summary

Active Record makes database operations **simpler and object-oriented**. It is widely used in frameworks like **Ruby on Rails, Laravel, Django, and Hibernate**.

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